Tips sobre huellas digitales para asuntos migratorios

En Estados Unidos, las autoridades migratorias utilizan las huellas digitales como medio para identificar a las personas y verificar su historial migratorio  y delictivo, en el caso de tenerlo. Segà ºn el resultado obtenido de la toma de las huellas digitales —conocidas como dactilares en algunos paà ­ses—, las autoridades pueden aprobar o denegar beneficios como visas, tarjetas de residencia permanente, asilo, adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana por naturalizacià ³n, etc. Ademà ¡s, tambià ©n pueden impedir el ingreso a los Estados Unidos de cualquier persona extranjera o proceder a su deportacià ³n, si ya estuviera en el paà ­s. En este artà ­culo se explica por quà © se utilizan las huellas digitales, cuà ¡ndo y dà ³nde se toman,  quà © tipo de informacià ³n se obtiene, y sus consecuencias migratorias. Por qu se utilizan las huellas digitales para identificar a las personas? No solo las autoridades de Estados Unidos utilizan las huellas digitales como herramienta de identificacià ³n de individuos, sino prà ¡cticamente todos los gobiernos del mundo. La razà ³n es que no existen dos personas con las mismas huellas, ni siquiera los gemelos idà ©nticos, aunque sà ­ tengan el mismo ADN. Se estima que entre un uno y un dos por ciento de las personas a las que se toma las huellas dactilares con escà ¡neres digitales —el medio empleado por las autoridades de EE.UU.— tienen problemas para que se lean correctamente.   En estos casos se emplean para su identificacià ³n otros recursos biomà ©tricos, como fotos. Ademà ¡s, en algunos casos se puede pedir un examen de ADN. Esto à ºltimo es comà ºn en ciertas categorà ­as de solicitud de papeles para la tarjeta de residencia por familia. Para qu trmites migratorios se toman las huellas dactilares en Estados Unidos? La toma de huellas digitales es muy comà ºn para toda clase de trà ¡mites migratorios. Por ejemplo, trà ¡mites de visas no inmigrante, tipo turista, estudiante, intercambio, inversià ³n, etc. Tambià ©n son necesarias cuando se està ¡ gestionando una visa de inmigrante para obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente. Asimismo, se toman las huellas como parte necesaria las solicitudes de ajuste de estatus, asilo, proteccià ³n para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica VAWA, visas humanitarias como la T por trà ¡fico humano o la U por violencia, DACA para jà ³venes indocumentados que llegaron a EE.UU. siendo nià ±os y adquisicià ³n de la  ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. En cumplimiento del programa US-Visit, tambià ©n se toman las huellas en todos los puertos de entrada a Estados Unidos —puertos, aeropuertos y fronteras terrestres—. Està ¡n excluidos de esta obligacià ³n los ciudadanos americanos, diplomà ¡ticos extranjeros con visas de la familia A o G, residentes permanentes en un viaje de crucero que salieron de EE.UU. y regresan al paà ­s por el mismo puerto. Tampoco està ¡n obligados a dar las huellas digitales ciudadanos canadienses y mexicanos en ciertas categorà ­as migratorias. Por ejemplo, està ¡n excluidos los mexicanos residentes en la frontera que cuentan con una visa vigente de cruce, tambià ©n conocida como là ¡ser. Finalmente, tambià ©n se toman las huellas a los migrantes agarrados por la Patrulla Fronteriza cruzando ilegalmente la frontera y a todas las personas, estadounidenses o no, que son arrestadas o detenidas en cualquier parte del paà ­s por autoridades federales, estatales o locales. Como regla general que admite excepciones, no se toma las huellas digitales a personas mayores de 79 aà ±os y a menores de 14 aà ±os de edad. Dnde se toman las huellas digitales? En Estados Unidos, el lugar para el trà ¡mite de las huellas digitales depende de la razà ³n por la que se toman. Asà ­, en el caso de puestos de control migratorio la gestià ³n es realizada en puertos, aeropuertos y fronteras terrestres por la CBP, tambià ©n conocida como Patrulla Fronteriza. Tambià ©n son los encargados de tomarlas en el caso de migrantes indocumentados agarrados cruzando ilegalmente la  frontera.   En los casos de trà ¡mites migratorios como ajuste de estatus, asilo, naturalizacià ³n, etc., es necesario acudir en la fecha y hora asignada por la carta que envà ­a el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) al Application Support Center (ASC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) mà ¡s cercano y cuya direccià ³n està ¡ consignada en la carta en la que se notifica la cita. Si la persona que debe acudir al ASC se olvida de la cita o se equivoca, se recomienda presentarse tan pronto sea posible y explicar quà © pasà ³. Como regla general, si ha pasado menos de una semana desde la fecha de la cita no pasa nada y se toman en ese momento las huellas. Si ha pasado mà ¡s tiempo, debe contactar con USCIS llamando al 1-800-375-5283 para programar  una nueva cita. Si no se hace, USCIS entenderà ¡ que se ha desistido del trà ¡mite y cancelarà ¡ el expediente. Por à ºltimo, en caso de arresto o detencià ³n, la autoridad realiza la toma las huellas y las comparte con el FBI quien, a su vez, las comparte con Inmigracià ³n. Si las autoridades migratorias consideran que la persona detenida es de su interà ©s, pueden emitir un hold para proceder a tomar custodia de dicha persona. Fuera de Estados Unidos se siguen dos sistemas. En algunos paà ­ses, como por ejemplo Mà ©xico, Argentina o Repà ºblica Dominicana, antes de ir a la embajada o consulado para la entrevista para la visa de no inmigrante o de inmigrante se debe acudir para los trà ¡mites de los datos biomà ©tricos a un ASC —conocido en algunos paà ­ses como Centro de Atencià ³n de Visa o VAC—. Sin embargo, en otros paà ­ses la entrevista y la toma de huellas digitales tienen lugar el mismo dà ­a en las instalaciones de la embajada o consulado. Qu sucede una vez que las autoridades migratorias tienen las huellas digitales? Las huellas digitales se verifican contra  una enorme base de datos del FBI que contiene, literalmente, cientos de millones de huellas. Ademà ¡s,  la CBP tiene tambià ©n a su disposicià ³n el sistema TECS que contiene, entre otros, informacià ³n migratoria, posible historial criminal, rà ©cords de vehà ­culos  e informacià ³n consular a travà ©s del acceso a la base de datos CCD, del Departamento de Estado. USCIS puede acceder a la informacià ³n que contienen esas bases de datos y asà ­ tener a mano informacià ³n completa sobre una persona, incluyendo todos los nombres que ha utilizado, fecha de nacimiento, rà ©cord criminal, nà ºmero del Seguro Social, direcciones en las que ha vivido, direcciones de correo electrà ³nico, certificados de naturalizacià ³n, nà ºmero de alien, nà ºmero de visa, SEVIS (en el caso de estudiante o de extranjero en programa de intercambio), etc. La informacià ³n que se obtiene a partir de las huellas digitales sirve, a efectos migratorios, para los tres siguientes fines: En primer lugar, para determinar la identidad de una persona y detectar si ha utilizado ilegalmente otros nombres o documentos que no son suyos o falsificados. Se han detectado mà ¡s de 800 mil casos de este tipo de anomalà ­a. En segundo lugar, para determinar posibles violaciones migratorias. Por ejemplo, si se le toman las huellas a una persona extranjera presente en Estados Unidos, debe aparecer una coincidencia en alguna base de datos del Departamento de Estado o del Departamento de Seguridad Interna. Si no es asà ­, eso indica que ingresà ³ al paà ­s ilegalmente. Hay que resaltar que es una violacià ³n migratoria grave asegurar en un formulario de migracià ³n que nunca se ha sido detenido o arrestado cuando la verdad es que sà ­ y ese dato es fà ¡cilmente verificable con las huellas digitales. Esto aplica incluso a los expedientes que han sido sellados o expurgados. Las personas en estos casos delicados deben asesorarse con un buen abogado migratorio para evitar que su caso se eche abajo por representacià ³n falsa. Tambià ©n se detectan otras violaciones migratorias, como no haber salido de Estados Unidos dentro del plazo autorizado en un viaje previo. En tercer lugar, las huellas digitales sirven para  determinar si se ha cometido algà ºn delito o falta que   convierta a una persona en susceptible a ser deportada o que no se le apruebe una peticià ³n migratoria como, por ejemplo, un ajuste de estatus, una visa, la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana, etc., por ser considerado como inadmisible. Qu hacer cuando se sospecha que puede haber problemas migratorios por culpa de las huellas? Lo fundamental es estar informado de cuà ¡les son las causas que convierten a una persona en inelegible para ingresar a Estados Unidos o arreglar los papeles, una vez dentro del paà ­s. Dependiendo del caso puede ser muy recomendable obtener el rà ©cord migratorio antes de comenzar cualquier gestià ³n de este tipo.   Finalmente, teniendo en cuenta lo delicado de este tipo de situaciones, es altamente recomendable asesorarse con un abogado de Inmigracià ³n de buena reputacià ³n o con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a migrantes. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Vladimir Lenin And The Great Political Leaders Of The 20th...

Logan Evans Mr. Brennan Honors World Civ. March 31, 2016 Lenin One of the great political leaders of the 20th century, Vladimir Lenin, made a huge impact on the world. He was revolutionary, and whether you love him or hate him, he was a man with ambition. He was the founder of the Soviet Union and formed the country that sparked an intense rivalry with the United States and put a new form of government into place. This was a man with ambition to get rid of capitalism and change the ways of Russia. From his birth, to his career, and up until the day he died, Vladimir Lenin had a very interesting life, and was one of the great political leaders of the 20th century. Vladimir Lenin gave birth to a new Russia that would be the state the country was in for years to come. He gave birth to the superpower of the Soviet Union. Vladimir Lenin was born in Simbirsk, Russia in the year of 1870. The name given to him at birth was not actually Vladimir Lenin, instead, he was given the name Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov. It was later in life that he changed his name to what he is known as today. Vladimir and the rest of the Ulyanovs lived in a small house on the edge of town. Vladimir was the a middle child, third born of six children, within the Ulyanov family. Vladimir had a sister named Anna, a brother named Sasha, another sister named Olga, another brother named Dmitri, and another sister named Maria. Many Russians view the Volga River as the heart and soul of Russia, and Lenin spent theShow MoreRelatedVladimir Lenin : An Influential Philosopher And Controversial Political Figures Of The 20th Century1414 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 10 20 April 2015 Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Lenin was a very persuasive person, he was very good at getting crowds and people on his side. He is considered one of the most influential and controversial political figures of the 20th century. 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Professional Role/Code of Ethic Free Essays

Codes of Ethis on the case of Mr. E Professional Roles and Values Western Governor University State Regulations and Nursing Standards Nursing, as other medical profession, aims at helping and saving the life of other. As much as nurses and physician wants to intervene to prolong a patient life, it’s important to consider patient’s wishes. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Role/Code of Ethic or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ethically, intubating Mr. E without proper discussion and consideration of his wishes is against his living will. It’s a violation of Provision I of ANA Code of Ethics in respecting patient’s dignity. The nurse also fail to meet the Standards of Competent Performance based on California Code of Regulation, Article 4, code 1443. 5, which stated â€Å" [nurses] acts as the client’s advocate, as circumstances require, by initiating action to improve health care or to change decisions or activities which are against the interests or wishes of the client [†¦]† (p. 70) Implication. According to code 2. 1 â€Å"Primacy of patient’s interest† from American Nurses Association, it’s the nurse’s commitment to respect the uniqueness of each patient, and respect patient’s wishes. Therefore, the nurse is responsible to seek for a solution if patient’s wishes are conflict with others (p. 5). Based on the above codes, the nurse in the scenario must inform Mr. Y about Mr. E’s wish. The nurse also need to assess Mr. Y understanding of risk and benefit of the procedure, so he would have all the neccesary information to make decision. Code of Ethics The Code of Ethics was developed by the American Nurses Association as a framework for ethical guideline. The work serves as a standard in assisting nurses making ethical decision. According to the ANA Code of Ethics,(2001), provision I stated that nurses must treat patient with compassion and respect the patient’s dignity, worth, and uniqueness, regardless of social and economical status, nature of health problem, and person’s attributes (p. 1). In specific, the interpretive statement 1. 4, in which the focus is on patient’s right to self-determination, is appropriate to apply in this scenario. (p. 4) Impact of Code. Code 1. 4 stated that nurses respect patient’s dignity by honor his or her own wishes. Thus, it’s important to inform Mr. Y of Mr. E’s wish as â€Å"do not resuscitate† (DNR). Although Mr. E is mentally challenge, he has his own feeling and perspective on his health status. Moreover, the patient’s mental condition when he signed Advance Directive and Power of Attorney is unclear; therefore, ignoring his wishes is a false assumption and an understatement to his decision-making capabality. As a nurse in this scenario, I would inform Mr. Y of his brother wish on Advance Directive. Ethics of Putting Patient on Ventilator. Putting Mr. E on ventilator based on the niece’s permission is unethical. The decision didn’t make based on patient’s best interest due to Mr. Y unawareness of Advance Directive. In addition, the niece made the decision instead of Mr. Y; therefore, the patient’s Power of Attorney was not followed completely. As the nurse, I would call Mr. Y to explain the situation and the decision of his niece. I would also inform him of the patient’s wishes in the Advance Directive. As an advocate for patient, I would also bring up the patient’s wish to the physican’s attention, and discuss the need to inform both Mr. Y and his niece of the Advance Directive. Although Ms. H doesn’t have Power of Attorney, she plays a role in assisting Mr. Y decision-making since Mr. Y called her for suggestion. Ethics of Authorizing Ventilator. Mr. Y should considers his brother’s wish based on the Advance Directive. Mr. Y should also ask for the risks and benefits of putting his brother on ventilator. As his brother, Mr. Y would want to prolong his brother’s life; however, Mr. Y should take in account of his brother’s desire, quality of life, and the extend of suffering. If Mr. Y doesn’t agree with the Advanced Directives, Mr. Y’s authorization is valid since the Advanced Directives is not fully completed. Analysis of Mr. E’s Advanced Directives Because of Mr. E mental health status, his capabality to make decision is unclear when he signed the Advanced Directives. Moreover, according to EmedicineHealth, â€Å"it’s important that the designated power of attorney knows and understands your [the patient] wishes† (Nabili, 2012). However, family member didn’t sign the Advance Directives, and the involvement of family is unclear. Thus, the appointed Power of Attorney may not know and understand the patient’s wish. The patient and family might not discuss patient’s decision. In addition, when the decision of Mr. Y conflicts with the decision of Mr. E in Advance Directives, the situation becomes very complicated. HIPAA Aside from Mr. E complicated situation, there are major Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations in the scenario. The physician violated patient’s right to privacy protection by discuss his medical condition and situation to Ms. H in the waiting room, a public place. The information was disclosed to other patients, to Ms. H’s boyfriend, and other non-related health care staff. Moreover, discussing Mr. E condition to Ms. H should be questioning because Ms. H, although she’s the patient’s niece, is not the appointed power of attorney. One of the nurse role is advocate for paient. By not protecting patient’s privacy, a nurse also violate HIPAA. The nurse, although aware of the physician violation, did not intervene to protect Mr. E’s information. Therefore, she could be hold accountable for violation of HIPAA. In this scenario, a nurse commented on ignoring HIPAA. The nurse is not only violated patient’s privacy legally, but also ethically according to ANA Code of Ethics. Besides physician and nurse, the facility is also accountable for HIPAA violation, for the facility did not reinforce the importance of HIPAA with its staff and physician. Professional Conduct As the above paragraphs discuss, the nurse fails to conduct the standard of nursing by ignoring patient’s rights for privacy protection. By stating â€Å"forget it†¦no one pays attention to HIPAA anyway,† the nurse is at risk for violating HIPAA. Beside HIPAA, the cafeteria nurses fail to act as patient’s advocacy by stating â€Å" What difference does it makes? The guy’s got diabetes, ir retarded, and is already in a nursing home. † This nurse violated Provision I in Code of Ethics by ANA in which a nurse cares for patient with compassion and respect regardless of social and economical status, personal’s attribute, and nature of health problems (p. 1). Futhermore, lack of knowledge of Advance Directives is a misconduct of Provision II in Code of Ethics by not â€Å"primacy patient’s interest† and respect patient’s wishes. Steps. To avoid misconduct of professional standard, the nurse in this scenario should talk to the physician in private about disclosing patient information. The nurse first suggests to call Mr. Y and obtain permission to discuss care with Ms. H; then the nurse must inform Mr. Y the Advance Directives as well as assess Mr. Y understanding of risks and benefits of the procedure. Obtaining informed consent from Mr. Y is also a crucial step. If Mr. Y can’t be reach in a time sensitive manner, the nurse should contact the agent that helped Mr. E with the Advance Directive; she can then obtain information related to Mr. E decision-making ability at the time, and inform doctor and charge nurse for decision-making. However, in this scenario, the nurse should notify charge nurse and higher chain of command about the situation and the violation of HIPAA. Ethical committee should be notified to consult for appropriate actions. Regarding her colleagues, the nurse should inform her supervisor, without naming name, the need to orient staff regarding HIPAA, Advance Directives, and reinforce in Code of Ethics. By taking appropriate interventions, the nurse ensures dignity in patient care and maintain respect in work environment. References American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics. Retrieved from http://nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics. pdf California. (2005). California nursing practice act: With regulations and related satutes. Matthew Bender Co. , a member of the Lexis Group. Nabili, S. (2012). Advance directives. Retrieved from http://www. emedicinehealth. com/advance_directives/page2_em. htm How to cite Professional Role/Code of Ethic, Essay examples

Threats to Good Practice in Counseling- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Disuss about the Threats to Good Practice in Counseling. Answer: Introduction The development of human services has gained great importance in the modern world and is projected to even increase in the near future at a rapid rate as compared to other professionals. It is a field that seeks to meet human needs through a system of the interdisciplinary knowledge base that cuts across the disciplines of counseling, social work, youth work as well as psychotherapy. The field focused on providing prevention mechanisms to social problems or human psychological problems affecting individuals or society at large, remediation of the problems as well as maintaining a commitment to improving the overall standards and quality of life amongst a given population as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). Such initiative calls for ethical frameworks for good practice in the field. However, there has been a threat among the professionals engaged in offering human services. This study will, therefore, seek to establish and provide an understanding of the threats or ch allenges to good practice in human services in the field of counseling and how the personal ethical framework can assist a counselor to avoid such bad practices. In order to understand the threats to good practice in counseling, it is equally important to understand the ethical framework for good practice in counseling. This refers to the ethical code of conduct for counselors, trainers as well as the supervisors within the counseling field. The ethical framework also governs or its applicable to counseling research, the management of counseling services as well as in the regulation of the use of counseling skills by counseling professionals (Bond Mitchels, 2014, p.6). The ethical frameworks are categorized into values, principles as well as to personal moral qualities. It is the understanding of these ethical frameworks that provide a basis for the understanding of the threats to good practice in the counseling field. The values in counseling help in ensuring that the clients are comfortable and in a safe social environment to express themselves. They include respecting human dignity as well as their rights, ensuring that counselors are working constantly with clients to alleviate suffering and distress as well as maintaining a professional counselor client relationship (Lustgarten 2015, pg].154). It is also required that counselors should appreciate diversity in their client's experience and culture as well as ensuring that their clients are safe. Any action against these values is termed as a threat to good practice in the field of counseling and may be termed as professional misconduct. On the other hand, the understanding of ethical principles is also important to the understanding of the common threats to the good practice of counseling human services. The principles are used to emphasize on the counselor's responsibilities and making them accountable for their decisions. Such principles include fidelity which helps the counselors to understand and resolve incongruence resulting from their clients. There is also a principle of autonomy which ensures that counselors respect as well as develop their clients abilities to be self-directing in their decisions (Knox et al. 2015, p. 2114). Other principles include the principles of self-respect, justice which ensures that the appropriate legal requirements and obligations are taken care in event of a threat to good practice as well as beneficence which ensures that counselors and other professionals in the line of counseling human services department or profession act in the best interest of their clients. Lastly are the morals which dictate the code of conduct for the health professionals and include empathy, sincerity, humility, competence, and resilience. Threats to good practice in counseling services Counseling services are very important and have a wide applicability in different areas of social life and therefore counselors play a vital role in improving the quality of life for the people in a given society. However, the success of the service provider depends on various values, principles and moral standards as discussed above from both the clients as well as the counselors (Johnson Jackson Williams 2015, p. 442). The success of a good practice in counseling is however faced with a number of threats including; results resulting from lack of privacy and confidentiality, lack of client consent to perform or make certain counseling decisions, lack of competence in handling client problems, substitute decision making or even threats from professional misconducts. Lack of privacy and confidentiality has been one of the major threats to good practice in counseling. For effective counseling services provision and building the right relationship than the clients, as well as the counselors, need to trust each other. If the client is not sure of the security or how safe the environment they are operating are then may not be in a position to share their problems, experiences as well as concerns to the counselors. Privacy and confidentiality are paramount and helps the clients to grow trust towards their counselors (Johnson Jackson Williams, 2015, p. 440). Many incidences have been reported where clients files have been found into the hands of unintended persons or unauthorized persons and resulting to cold relationships between the counselors and their clients as well as building an environment of mistrusts. Counselors are therefore supposed to provide the client with an intake form outlining the areas of confidentiality and any exceptions to it. T he form should be signed before a counseling relationship starts. All the clients files should also be kept in a safe only accessible to the authorized persons. Another threat to good practice in counseling is the lack of informed consent. It is a legal requirement for the counselors to have an informed consent from their clients before undertaking any decisions or actions pertaining to the counseling services being provided (Corey, 2015, p. 2). The client's consent can take many forms as to either expressed or presumed consent, explicit or implicit, written, verbal or non-verbal consent among other forms. But whichever the form of consent given it remains that it is important for the counselors to have an informed consent. Lack of informed consent has found to result in conflicts and disagreements between the counselors and their clients and some have even led to legal action being taken against either of the parties in an event where a counselor or clients act against the wishes of the other (Bradbury et al. 2015, p. 485). It is also important to understand the threats to good practice resulting from substituted decisions. This occurs when individuals seek support from others when faced with significant decision making instances. In most cases, these relationships are not defined in terms of agreements and therefore in event of a misunderstanding between the counselors and their clients, it becomes very difficult to establish who made a certain decision and may lead to lack of understanding and mistrust between the parties involved (Standing, 2017, p. 4). Although the law supports the idea of supportive decision-making, there must be an agreement showing that the client or the counselor decided to change or substitute his or her prior decision and the circumstances resulting in the decisions. Lack of competency in conducting guidance and counseling has also been a major threat to good practice in counseling. It is the competency standards of a counselor that determine the value worth of pursuing counseling services (Morgan et al. 2014, p. 491). Competency is, therefore, an important component in guidance and counseling and involves marshaling of knowledge, attitudes, and skills and in most case it is usually informed by an intellectual grasp of the nature of counseling and the social context of the counselors client and the values worth pursuing (Stacey et al. 2015, p. 14). Lack of competency standards among counselors have affected the professional growth of counseling services as clients will only contract counselors who are competent enough to handle their problems or concerns. Lastly, professional misconducts have also been a major threat to good practice in counseling. Every profession is guided by a certain code of conducts and certain ethical frameworks. As analyzed in the introductory part of the paper, the values, morals, and principles guiding the provision of counseling services form the most integral part in counseling (Welfel, 2015, p. 3). This is because they form to guide the code of conduct for both the counselors toward their clients as well as for the clients towards their counselors. Professional misconducts in counseling may have great impacts on the parties and especially to the clients since most of the clients approach or seek counseling services to solve their problems of remedy an ongoing situation and therefore in event of breach of the code of conducts the clients are psychologically affected. Some of the professional misconducts include lack of commitment by the counselor to solving the clients problems, lack of respect to the clien ts human rights as well as their dignity, acting contrary to the legal framework guiding the activities or services of counseling, lack of sincerity when conducting counseling as well as lack of maintaining privacy and confidentiality of clients records among others. Therefore these issues must be addressed appropriately and the relevant strategies should be adopted as well as developing mechanisms to address the future occurrences of these threats. Personal ethical framework in avoiding bad practice in counseling According to Duffy and Passmore (2010), the term ethics is not easy to define at its lowest of the highest level in counseling. It consists of universal rules and principles underlying the laws of behavior. It is a set of values or norms held by a group or individual as acceptable standards of behavior (Duffy Passmore 2010, p. 140). Every professional in different chosen areas of work has certain values and beliefs that are considered ethical or acceptable within the line of action. However, Nuttgens and Chang (2013) denote that some of these beliefs are often modified with the aim of making a comfortable working environment for the benefits of the workers as well as the society as a whole. As a result, Place (2010) denotes that it is essential to be aware of personal values and the impact the values often have on the profession. Therefore, it is essential to develop a personal framework that can assist an individual to avoid bad or unethical practices in their line of work, counsel ing for this case. In counseling, Place (2010) point out that clients are often protected by standards, legislations, and codes of ethics. As a result, counselors and counseling organizations are required to develop procedures and policies that act as the guidelines for counseling. For instance, clients have the right to privacy, confidentiality, informed choice, complaining about services being received, and the right to informed choices. They also have the right to enjoy the treatment of dignity and respect in a manner that meets their cultural, social, and physical needs as pointed out by Duffy and Passmore (2010, p. 89). The same study denotes that clients have the rights of accessing all the information held about them in the process of being served by counselors and be informed about the policy, procedures, service, rules, and expectations of service. It is thus essential to develop a personal ethical framework that will help a counselor avoid any bad practice that might negatively impact their p rofession and destroy their relationships with their clients. In a systematic study, Nuttgens and Chang (2013) denote that ethical challenges are often characterized by what if as well as situations where there seems to be absent in a clear solution to the problem. Given the complexity of such ethical issues in counseling, the personal ethical framework is often adopted to help a counselor in resolving the issues professionally and appropriately while considering the rights of the clients. Every professional guideline and ethical codes are best on respect and care for the clients. Therefore, a professional ethical framework to be clear on the guidelines of the profession as it will give him the familiarity and guidance on all the relevant legislation. A professional ethical framework also allows an individual to explore every side of an ethical dilemma while examining the consequences of any decision or action made. In a systematic study, Place (2010) denotes that a personal ethical framework helps a professional to employ the agency code of conduct that is reflected in the procedures and policies of the framework. In other words, it helps a counselor to demonstrate effective and proper commitment to moral standards of the acceptable professional behaviors that need to be upheld at all times when serving a client. As a result, it is essential to examine and explore the most common ethical dilemmas within the counseling profession and widely consult with colleagues to effectively adopt an ethical framework that is relevant to the duty of the counselor. Ethical practice in counseling profession involves adherence to a strict set of guidelines that are designed to ensure client and patient satisfaction and safety with the aim of maximizing the overall results of the therapy process as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). The same study denotes that these guidelines are vital whether the process of counseling therapy between acquaintances and friends or under professional jurisdiction. Adopting a personal ethical framework in this important as it helps in outlining the importance of ethics in the process. The framework hence helps a counselor in examining the practical skills that need to be developed and used by counselors with the aim of maintaining a safe and fair boundary. Arczynski and Morrow (2017) point out that personal ethical framework help in shaping the counseling practice into a monitored, effective, and safe treatment. Due to the vulnerability of those given therapies as well as the trust in place between th e counselor and the client, there is a need of taking an extra care onto their mental and physical well-being. In such cases, the ethical framework is adopted with the aim of helping the clients understand the treatment involved while allowing the counselor to discuss vital issues such as cost and time of counseling. According to Place (2010), responsibility and ownership to ethical practice are often taken to be an individual professional process. In other words, even though the ethical framework is vital to all therapy and counseling, the skills and practices adopted by the professional within the counseling therapy are often put in place at the counselors discretion depending on the needs of the individual clients. The framework thus helps in protecting confidentiality. In a systematic study, Duffy and Passmore (2010) point out that counselor is at times asked to provide information regarding their clients to spouses, employers, insurance companies, and administrators among other. Even though such requests can be well-intentioned, the counselors are required to be very careful in balancing the disclosure with the required ethical obligations to protect the confidentiality of their clients. Since the public puts their trust in the confidentiality and promises of the counselors, it is vital for the counselors to be clear on whether or why they have to release the information as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). The framework hence helps the counselor to ask questions such as in there a law mandating the disclosure? Is there a law permitting me to disclose the issue? On what basis should I make the disclosure? Has the client I represent consented the disclosure? In such cases, Gordon, Jacobs, and Wright (2016) denote that the APA Code Act stipulates that psychologists are only required to disclose the minimum information in providing the needed services, obtaining appropriate consultations, protecting the clients and others from any harm, and obtaining payment for services. In such cases, a personal ethical framework is adopted to clarify the limits of confidentiality, ensure a safe storage of any confidential information, to understand the state and feder al laws, as well as to obey the mandatory reporting laws as pointed out by Arczynski and Morrow (2017, p. 192). Ethical practice in counseling profession involves adherence to a strict set of guidelines that are designed to ensure client and patient satisfaction and safety with the aim of maximizing the overall results of the therapy process as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). The same study denotes that these guidelines are vital whether the process of counseling therapy between acquaintances and friends or under professional jurisdiction. Arczynski and Morrow (2017) point out that personal ethical framework help in shaping the counseling practice into a monitored, effective, and safe treatment. Conclusion Even though the development of human services has gained great importance in the modern world, it is still projected to increase in the near future at a rapid rate as compared to other professionals. It hence means that it is a field that seeks to meet human needs through a system of the interdisciplinary knowledge cutting across the disciplines of counseling, social work, youth work as well as psychotherapy. As a result, adopting a personal ethical framework in this field is important as it helps in outlining the importance of ethics in the process within the counseling profession. 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